Companies like SpaceX have made exciting steps toward the possibility of humans on Mars, says Kevin Cannon, a planetary scientist at the University of Central Florida and lead author of the study. But beyond the challenge of getting humans to Mars in the first place, theres a lot of work left to figure out how to make a self-sufficient, functioning society there.
I think, looking in the long term, the real challenge is to start producing everything you need from the local materials on Mars, Cannon says.
Farming on Mars
Cannon and colleagues modeled the food needs of a human population on Mars that grows to one million over about a hundred Earth years through a combination of immigration and reproduction. Though the settlement would need to import a lot of food at the start, it could transition to an entirely Martian-grown diet in about a century with the right food choices, they found.
The major limiting factor is space or rather, the ability to create spaces suitable for growing food. On Earth, the amount of available arable land restricts our ability to grow food, whether plants, animals or something else. On Mars, wed have to create these spaces enclosed, pressurized and heated structures. For efficiencys sake, a Martian society would need to choose food sources that are high in nutrients and calories relative to the space they need to grow.
Traditionally farmed animal products and certain plants need a lot of resources and may be impractical on Mars, Cannon says. But that doesnt necessarily mean sacrificing variety in Martian diets. His teams models include three main categories of food sources: plant-based foods, edible insects and cellular agriculture protein-rich foods like algae and lab-grown meats, dairy and eggs that we can grow from cells.
Cannon has created a website compiling a list of businesses working to create food in these ways today, often with the goal of more resource-efficient and sustainable food production on Earth in mind.
This includes eating plants like beans, tomato and potato, as well as GMO products modified to include more nutrients and grow more sustainably. A number of companies today make insect-based products whether thats whole crickets or powdered insects to use as flour that aspiring Martians can sample as well.
The limitations that Mars would put on you in producing food kind of forces you into practices that turn out to be more sustainable on the Earth, Cannon says.
The site? Its called EatLikeAMartian.org.
